The Most Common Causes of Infertility in Men

Although most men hate to admit it, many men suffer from infertility. In fact, nearly as many men suffer from infertility as women. About 10 percent of reproductive-age women are infertile—and the same goes for men. But, what exactly causes infertility in men? Here is a brief list of common conditions and issues that play a critical role in male infertility:

• Sperm abnormalities (such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility)
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Unhealthy lifestyle (e.g. smoking and substance abuse)
• Lack of proper nutrition
• Exposure to harmful chemicals
• Genetics
• Varicocele (varicose veins in the scrotum)
• Male reproductive tract obstruction (blockage of the ducts)
• Hormonal imbalance

What causes sperm abnormalities? Enlarged, varicose veins in the spermatic cord that leads to the testicles, known as a varicocele, can sometimes decrease the quality of sperm and reduce sperm motility. Reduced sperm motility can reduce or prevent successful navigation of sperm through the female reproductive tract (uterus and fallopian tubes) to find and fertilize the egg. STDs and other conditions can cause scarring in the male reproductive system as well as impair sperm function, both of which can cause infertility in men.

Strategies to Improve Male Fertility

The good news is that male fertility can be improved in several ways. The first step is to schedule an appointment with a medical professional or healthcare physician. A medical professional will review medical history to uncover the possible cause(s) of infertility. The physician will also perform a physical exam and order specialized tests to determine and diagnose the likely cause of infertility. Specialized tests and treatment methods may include:

• Semen analysis to evaluate the quantity and quality of sperm
• Blood tests to evaluate male hormone levels
• Imaging tests to look for structural problems in the reproductive system
• Genetic testing to identify the underlying cause of infertility and determine if there is a risk of transmitting a genetic defect to the child
• Recommend lifestyle modifications and supplements for men

Making simple lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and reducing alcohol or substance use can improve general health and male fertility. The use of supplements may help improve male fertility potential. Supplements can provide a man’s reproductive system with the essential nutrients that it needs to produce strong, healthy sperm. Supplements for men can help balance hormones and promote overall health. Surgery may be required to repair varicoceles or remove any obstructions in the reproductive tract.